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Additionally, variability in temperature and lighting for instance is proven to benefit our health and our work performance. This is why recovering patients are advised to take time in nature to speed up their recovery. In the cases where it’s impossible to include actual features of nature, using components and shapes that look like it can be just as effective.
Where and When Is Biophilic Design Most Often Used?
You don't have to turn your home into a forest—simply add some potted plants in various areas of your home to get that pop of greenery and life. "Showcase the outdoors and add low-maintenance plants to the mix," says Haywood. "This is something we do for all of our projects (in varying degrees) and find it to be a major contributor to mood and the attachment feeling of a space. It sets the stage for a holistic experience of the space." The concept is not new by any measure—its origins can be traced to the mid-1980s—but more designers are using this principle to shape their overall design philosophy, bringing elements of nature into their work through textiles, materials, light, and color.
Principles of Biophilic Design
The fundamental challenge of biophilic design is to address these deficiencies in the modern built environment by initiating a new framework for the beneficial occurrence of nature. The effective application of biophilia begins with adhering to the previously described basic principles. From there, particular practices of biophilic design can be employed to help implement positive and beneficial outcomes. These applications of biophilia are listed below, although more detailed descriptions can be found in Kellert and Calabrese, The Practice of Biophilic Design.
Build a biophilic wall unit
The passive design of the hospital draws fresh air in from the exterior courtyards; the cool air helps maintain thermal comfort, while patients also have operable windows in their rooms, allowing for greater personal control. The façade and internal layouts are designed to enhance daylight and light/shade variability while reducing glare. Connecting, elevated exterior walkways also provide access to breezes, shade and solar heat. In contrast, conventional thermal design tries to achieve a narrow target area of temperature, humidity and airflow, while minimizing variability – the goal being to maintain conditions within the “ASHRAE comfort envelope”.
To introduce this nature-focused trend to your space, consider these ideas for biophilic design. Using characteristics of the natural world like water features, sunlight, actual vegetation, etc., in the built environment helps foster the human-nature connection in biophilic design. The biophilia hypothesis proposes that most humans have an innate love of nature—we long for it and without connecting with it, our health could suffer. So, biophilic design is an applied solution to appease this desire for nature by integrating natural elements and processes into the built environment. Biophilic design is argued to have a wealth of benefits for building occupants and urban environments through improving connections to nature. For cities, many believe the biggest proponent of the concept is its ability to make the city more resilient to any environmental stressor it may face.
Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli are stochastic and ephemeral connections with nature that may be analyzed statistically but may not be predicted precisely. The ecological aesthetic theory proclaims that knowledge about the ecological functions of a landscape will increase preference ratings for that landscape. This theory depends on knowledge as a key driver of landscape preference (138. Nassauer, 1995 ).
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Therefore in the longterm, trees could aid the reduction of temperatures globally, not just in a city. The reduction of noise pollution is a benefit of plants that is overlooked or more often than not, forgotten. A key factor to protecting cities from the effects of climate change is to make them more resistant to extreme weather conditions like flooding. As mentioned above, transforming our cities into sponge cities will be one of the deciding factors to a city’s survival.
Going to the mountains or seashore for recreation was becoming a growing trend; Winter gardens and conservatories become requisites of wealthy homes in Europe and the United States. Henry David Thoreau built a cabin by Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts from which he wrote treatises on a simpler life, connected to nature, which still resonate in the American consciousness. Artists and designers of the Victorian era, such as influential English painter and art critic, John Ruskin, pushed back against what they saw as the dehumanizing experience of industrial cities. They argued for objects and buildings that reflected the hand of the craftsman and drew from nature for inspiration.
Natural Patterns and Processes
For example, multiple instances of Prospect with a shallow to moderate depth of field and limited information in the viewshed may not be as effective (at prompting the desired response) as a single powerful instance of Prospect with a moderate to high depth of field and an information-rich viewshed. A project team charged with reducing stress among emergency room nurses at the local hospital may intervene by replacing the abstract art with landscape paintings on the walls of the staffroom and installing a small garden and seating area in the adjacent interior courtyard. While this project also uses the Visual Connection with Nature pattern, the selected interventions specifically target stress reduction for emergency room nurses based on a shared space they utilize routinely.
Sitting with one's back against the trunk of a big shade tree is a classic refuge space, as is high backed booth seating in a restaurant, a reading nook in a library or school, a covered bus stop, or a wraparound porch. Treehouses are a timeless example of Refuge; and Cliff Palace in Mesa Verde, Colorado (constructed pre-A.D.1200s) is one of the best historic examples. While the settlement provides a feeling of containment and protection from the arid climate and potential predators or enemies, the refuge experience is enhanced with characteristics of Prospect through its elevated position and views over the canyon. Just as variations in lighted surfaces are important for interpreting surfaces, conducting a variety of tasks, and safe navigation, circadian lighting is important for supporting biological health. Leveraging opportunities for illuminance fluctuation, light distribution and light color variability that stimulate the human eye without causing discomfort will improve the quality of the user experience. The Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, CT, by Louis Kahn utilizes natural lighting to sofly illuminate art and create dramatic experiences.
Furthermore, that modern society’s increasing detachment from the natural world could have negative consequences. Since then, the concept of biophilia has gained traction in various fields, from psychology to architecture, highlighting the importance of incorporating nature to support physical and mental health. A passionate advocate for biophilic design, he’s dedicated to creating and innovating sustainable, nature-centric built environments using plants, moss and natural materials. InThe Experience of Landscape, geographer Jay Appleton coined the Prospect-Refuge theory by highlighting the correlation and interconnectivity between the patterns Refuge and Prospect (Appleton 1975). This theory argues that our chances of survival throughout evolutionary history increased by having both an outlook across an expanse, and also by taking refuge in caves and in cliffs (Beatley 2016).
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